Project Quality Management

 

Quality Theories

- Software quality management ensures that the appropriate level of quality is achieved by submitting improvements to the product development process.
- The activities related to quality management are as follows:
1. Quality assurance
2. Quality planning
3. Quality control

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Quality Planning; Project Quality Requirements; Cost of Quality

- Quality planning is the process of identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them.
- It involves planning how to fulfill product quality requirements.
- It has following principles:
1. Quality is determined by requirements of customers.
2. It is better to avoid mistakes than to repair the defects.
3. Cost of quality must be approved by management.

 

Input	Tools and techniques	Output
Project scope statement Project management plan Enterprise environmental factors Organizational process asset	Cost benefit analysis Benchmarking Design of experiment Cost of quality	Quality management plan Quality metrics Quality checklists Improved project management plan

 

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Project Quality Requirements

- It defines the customer's expectations for quality, internal attributes that indicates quality factors being satisfied or not and measures to be used to give visibility to the levels of quality being achieved.
- It is defined in terms of quality factors, quality criteria and quality metrics.
- It provides an exact and measurable definition of quality for the specific project.

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Cost of Quality

- Cost of quality is the total cost incurred by investment in preventing non conformance to quality requirements.

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Quality Management Plan

The quality management plan should address following attributes:
- Responsibility of management
- Document management
- Requirement scope
- Design control
- Testing and quality assurance
- Quality audits
- Training requirements

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Quality Assurance; Quality Audit

Quality Assurance

- It is a process that is used to ensure the quality of products or services.
- A constant effort is made to enhance quality practices in the organization, so that continuous improvements are expected.
- A dedicated quality assurance team is formed.
- The QA team has following responsibilities:
1. Define a process and procedure to achieve and improve quality.
2. The team should go through formal industrial training.
3. Ensure traceability of test cases to requirements.

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Quality Audit Process

- Audit is a systematic, independent and documented process of obtaining audit evidence and evaluating objectively to determine the extent to which audit criteria are fulfilled.
- An internal audit is an audit performed by the members of an organization.
- Audit is performed because of following reasons:
1. To ensure compliance with ISO.
2. To ensure compliance with organization requirements.
3. To ensure QMS is effectively implemented.

 

Input	Tools and techniques	Output
Policy History Documents Customer feedback Planning Information	Comparative analysis Checklist	Audit report Follow up Improvement Conclusion

 

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Quality Control Process; Test Life Cycle

Quality Control

- It is the process of monitoring specific project results to determine whether it comply to relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance.

 

Input	Tools and techniques	Output
Quality management plan Quality metrics Quality checklist Work performance information	Control chart Flow chart Histogram Pareto chart Statistical sampling Defect repair review	Quality control measurement Validated defect repair Recommended corrective action Recommended preventive action Recommended defect repair Updated project management plan

 

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Control Chart

- It is a statistical process control tool used to determine if a manufacturing or business process is in a state of control.
- If analysis of control chart indicates the process is currently under control, no corrections to control parameters are needed.

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Pareto Chart

- It is a chart containing both bar graph and line graph.
- Individual values are represented in descending order by bars.
- Cumulative total is represented by line.
- It is used to highlight the common sources of defects, highest occuring type of defect and so on.

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Total Quality Management (TQM)

- It is an approach for project quality management that takes everything related to quality under consideration.
- In TQM, the processes that produce services are thoroughly managed minimizing process variation and providing predictable quality level.

- The principles used in TQM are as follows:
1. Top management
2. Training needs
3, Customer orientation
4. Involvement of employees
5. Corporate culture
6. Tools and techniques
7. Continuous improvements

- The tools and techniques used for TQM are as follows:
- Pareto chart
- Scatter plot
- Control chart
- Fishbone and Ishikawa diagram
- Histogram
- Check list
- Check sheets
- Assessment of customer need
- Market analysis
- Competition analysis
- Work flow analysis
- Logistic analysis

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Software Testing Life Cycle

1. Requirement Analysis
2. Test Planning
3. Test Case Development
4. Environment Setup
5. Test Execution
6. Test Cycle Closure

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Q) Write possible steps to improve quality of IT project.

- Define quality to match user needs.
- Broadcast simple quality metrics.
- Fine tune goals to include quality.
- Get the requirements right.
- Test smarter to test less.
- Design applications to reduce bug risks.
- Optimize the use of testing tools