THEORY OF MACHINE

Course Objective
To make student understand about different mechanism used in devices or machines and make them able to do complete analysis of mechanism (including linkage, gears, gear trains, cams, and followers).
To provide the students with basic concept of dynamics response analysis of mechanism and their vibratory response.

1. Introduction to linkage and mechanisms (3 hours)
1. Introduction to the study of mechanism, mobility, degree of freedom.
2. Mechanism configuration, linkages, chains, inversions.
3. Introduction to different mechanism: Slider crank, Scotch Yoke, Quick return, Toggle, Oldham coupling & Hooke’s coupling, straight line, Chamber wheel, Constant velocity universal joint, intermittent motion, mechanical compounding etc. Mechanism.
4. Position analysis of four bar mechanism.
5. Four bar linkage motion and Grashoff’s law.
6. Linkage position analysis; loop closure equipment & iterative methods.
7. Synthesis concepts.


2. Cam and Followers (5 hours)
1. Classification of cam and nomenclature.
2. Graphical cam layout.
3. Disk cam with flat-faced followers, Disk cam with radial-followers and offset followers.
4. Standardized followers Displacement or lift curve.
5. Analytical cam design; Disk cam with flat-followers; Disk cam with radial-followers or offset followers; Disk cam with Oscillating Roller followers.
6. Other cam layout.
7. Cam production methods.


3. Gears and Gears trains (9 hours)
1. Introduction and Geometry of Involutes Spur, Bevel, Spiral, Hypoid, Helical and Worm Gears.
2. Characteristics of Involutes tooth Action,
3. Standardization of Gears; metric system.
4. Interference of Involutes Gears and number of gears to avoid interface.
5. Non-standard spur gears; General plane motion repress extended centre distance system.
6. Method of gear production.
7. Bevel gear tooth proportion and geometrical details.
8. Parallel and crossed shaft for helical gears.
9. Theory and assembly of Planetary Gear trains.
10. Speed Ratios; Formula and tabular Methods.


4. Kinematics Analysis of Mechanisms (7 hours)
1. General plan emotion representation.
2. Relative motion velocity analysis; Velocity polygon; Graphical or vector algebra solution.
3. Instantaneous centre of velocity and Kennedy’s theorem
4. Relative motion acceleration analysis; Acceleration polygons; Graphical or Vector algebra solutions; Corilis acceleration application.
5. Motion analysis by vector mathematics; Velocity analysis; Acceleration analysis; Coriolis Acceleration application.


5. Force analysis of Mechanisms (6 hours)
1. Centrifugal Force, inertia Force and inertia torque.
2. Method of force analysis-Introduction.
3. Force analysis on piston and Connecting Rod.
4. Force on Gear Teeth-Spur/bevel & Helical gears.
5. Force analysis on cams & followers.
6. Superposition force analysis Methods, Graphical or analytical methods.
7. Linkage force by matrix method, Method of virtual Work, Complex number Method.
8. Application and Examples.


6. Gyroscopic Couples, Flywheel and Governors (4 hours)
1. Gyroscopic Couples and its application.
2. Stability of an four wheel and two wheel vehicles.
3. Turning moment diagram and flywheel.
4. Fluctuation of energy and its coefficient.
5. Flywheel sizing.
6. Governors: Types, Function and Characteristics.


7. Dynamic Balancing (4 hours)
1. Balancing of Rotating mass.
2. Balancing of Reciprocating mass.
3. Balancing of Multicylinder Engine, In-line, V-type, Opposed and Radial Configuration and balancing of four bar linkage.
4. Types of balancing Machine.


8. Vibrations (5 hours)
1. Free, Damped and Forced vibrations.
2. Element of vibrating systems.
3. Vibration absorber.
4. Vibration of single degree of Freedom: Undamped, Damped and Forced.
5. Vibration of single degree of Freedom: examples.
6. Vibration of two degree of Freedom: Undamped, Damped and Forced.
7. Vibration of continuous system: Lateral vibration in string, longitudinal vibration in road, Torsional oscillation in Circular Shaft, Lateral Vibration in Beams.

Practical (3 hours/week; 15 week)

1. Experiment of Gyroscope.
2. Balancing of Rotating mass.
3. Response of spring mass system.
4. Response of Governors.
5. Whirling of a Rotating shaft.

References

1. “Mechanism and Dynamics of Machinery”, H.H. Mabie and C. F. Reinholtz, Wiley. (Latest in 2011).
2. “Mechanism and Machine Theory”, J.S. Rao & R.V. Dukkipati ( Latest in 2011).
3. “Theory of Machines and Mechanism”, J.E.Shigley and J.J. Uicker, Jr. Mc Graw Hill, (Latest in 2011).
4. “Text Book of Theory of Machines and Mechanisms” J.S. Rao.
5. “Kinematics and Dynamics of Planar Machinery”, B. PaiSI, Prentice Hall (Latest in 2011).
6. E. Wison, J. P. Sadler and W. J. Michels, “Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery”, Harper Row, (Latest in 2011).
7. Sidhu Singh; “Kinematics of Machines/Dynamics of Machines”.
8. “Theory of Vibration with applications”, W.T. Thomson, Printace Hall.
9. “Mechanical Vibrations”, S.S Rao, Addition Wasley.
10. “Fundamental of Mechanical Vibrations”, S.G. Kelly, Mc Graw Hill.

Evaluation Scheme