Ground Water Development and Tube-well Technology
Course Objective:
To acquaint and familiarize the students with the concept, technological development and problem solving in the area of groundwater, tube well technology and water lifting devices.
- Occurrence and Movement of Ground Water [4 hours]
- Occurrence of Ground Water
- Types of Water Bearing Formation and their Characteristics
- Ground Water Movement and Darcy's Law
- Acquifer Characteristics Influencing Ground Water Yield
- Permeability and Factors Affecting Permeability
- Measurement of Permeability
- Well Hydraulics [5 hours]
- Classification of Wells
- Steady State Flow in Fully Penetrating Wells
- Unsteady State Flow in Fully penetrating Wells
- Steady and Transient State Flow in Partially penetrating Wells
- Interference of Wells
- Pumping Test and Determination of Acquifer Parametersby: TheisMethod, Copper-Jacob Method, Chow's Method
- Ground Water Exploration [3 hours]
- Objectives of Ground Water Exploration
- Methods of Ground Water Exploration:
- Geological Method
- Geophysical Method
- Electrical Resistivity Method
- Seismic Refraction Method
- Water Winching
- Well Classification and Design[5 hours]
- Classification of Wells and Tube wells
- Classification and Selection of Strainers
- Design Considerations in Open Wells
- Test Drilling
- Design Consideration in Tube wells:
- Preparation of Bore Log
- Grain Size Distribution of Water Bearing Strata
- Determination of Safe Yield
- Diameter and Depth of Casing Pipe
- Diameter and Depth of Strainer
- Design of Gravel Packing
- Well Development
- Multiple Well System
- Tube-well Construction [4 hours]
- Methods of Drilling
- Percussion Drilling
- Hydraulic Rotary
- Reverse Rotary
- Bamboo shallow wells
- Choice of Well Drilling Method
- Installation of Well Casing and Screens
- Operation and Maintenance of Tube wells[1 hour]
- Environmental impacts on groundwater: groundwater pollution[2 hours]
- Temporal variation of groundwater, stream flows groundwater levels,
- Evapotranspirative and tidal fluctuations, urbanization, earthquakes,
- External loads, land subsidence
- Water Lifting Devices and Pumps[17 hours]
- Classification of pumps and traditional water lifting devices
- Reciprocating Pumps
- Working Principle and Classification
- Design Considerations
- Operating Characteristic Curves
- Selection and Installation
- Maintenance and Trouble-Shooting
- Centrifugal Pumps
- Working Principle and Classification
- Components
- Design Considerations
- Performance Characteristics
- Selection and Installation
- Maintenance and Trouble-Shooting
- Turbine and Submersible Pumps
- Working Principle
- Components
- Performance Characteristics
- Selection and Installation
- Maintenance and Trouble Shooting
- Propeller Pump
- Working Principle
- Components
- Performance Characteristics
- Selection and Installation
- Maintenance and Trouble-Shooting
- Other Types of Pumps
- Jet Pump
- Gear Pump
- Screw Pump
- Hydraulic Ram
- Treadle Pump
- Design Considerations in Pumping Plant [2hours]
- Economics of Pumping and Ground Water Utilization [2hours]
Practical
- Use of Resistivity Meter for Exploration of Water Bearing Formation [2 hours]
- Measurement of Ground Water Level and Preparation of Water Table Contour Maps[2 hours]
- Well Log Assessment [2 hours]
- Analysis of Acquifer Material and Design of Gravel Pack [2 hours]
- Evaluation of Discharge-Drawdown Relationship of Wells and Determination of Recuperation Rate [2 hours]
- Evaluation of Acquifer Parameters by Pumping Tests [2 hours]
- Testing of Well Screen [2 hours]
- Performance Evaluation of Reciprocating Pumps [2 hours]
- Performance Evaluation of Centrifugal Pumps [2 hours]
Visit to a Tube well Drilling Site and Study of Different Drilling Equipments.
Reference:
- D.K. Todd. Ground Water Hydrology. John Wiley & Sons. (latest edition- Indian/Low Cost Edition Preferred)
- H.M. Raghunath. 1990. Ground Water. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
- Karanth K.R. Ground Water Assessment, Development and Management. Tata McGraw Hill Book Co., New Delhi.
- Michael A.M. and Khepar S.D. Water Wells and Pump Engineering. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.
- Jagdish Lal. Hydraulic Machines. Metropolitan Book Co., New Delhi.
Evaluation Scheme:
The questions will cover all the chapters in the Syllabus. The evaluation scheme will be as indicated in the table below.
Chapter |
Hours |
Marks Distribution* |
1 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
6 |
16 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
16 |
5 |
4 |
6 |
3 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
17 |
32 |
9 |
4 |
6 |
10 |
Total |
45 |
80 |
*Note: There may be minor deviation in marks distribution.
|