Fluid Mechanics
Course Objectives:
To provide basic concept of fluid mechanics and its application for solving basic engineering problems.
- Definition and Analysis method(2 hours)
- Definition and Properties of a Fluid
- Analysis Method
- System and Control Volume,
- Differential vs Integral Approach,
- Description – Lagrangian and Eulerian
- Fluid Statics(3 hours)
- Pressure Intensity at a Point
- Pressure Variations in a Fluid
- Unite of Pressure
- Absolute and Gage Pressure
- Manometers
- Forces on Plane and Curve Surface
- Buoyancy and Stability
- Kinematics of Fluid Flow(5 hours)
- Description of Fluid Flow: 1D, 2D and 3D Flow
- Circulation and Vorticity
- Rotational and Irrotational Flow
- Equation of Stream Line
- Velocity Potential
- Stream Function
- Acceleration of a Fluid Particle
- Basic Equations for Fluid Flow(8 hours)
- Continuity Equations
- Rectangular and Cylindrical Coordinate Systems
- Momentum Equation and Applications
- Elbow reactions, jet propulsions
- Fixed and moving vanes, hydraulic jump
- Navier-Stokes Equation: Newtonian Fluid
- Bernoulli’s Equation and Applications
- Flow from a tank, Venturi Flow, Syphon Flow
- Dimensional Analysis and Dynamic Similitude(3 hours)
- Units and Dimensions
- Nondimensionalizing basic Differential Equation and Dimensionless Numbers
- Formation of Dimensionless Equations by Buckingham's Method
- Dynamic Similitude Model Studies
- Incomplete Similarities
- Viscous Effects(10 hours)
- One Dimensional Laminar Flow; Relationship between shear stress and velocity gradient
- Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates
- Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes; Reynolds number, velocity profile
- Laminar and Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow; Flow over flat plates, drag on immersed bodies
- Frictional Resistance to Flow in Pipes; Darcey-Weisbach equation, friction factor Use of Moody diagram, head loss in pipe flow
- Head Losses; In bends, joint expansions, valves Loss coefficients
- Flow Measurement(6 hours)
- Measurement of Static Pressure Intensity
- Measurement of Velocity; Pitot tube, Pitot-static tube
- Restriction Flow Meters: Orifice Plate, Flow nozzles, Venturi, Laminar Flow Elements
- Linear Flow meters
- Weir and Notches
- Flow visualization
- Flow Measurement(5 hours)
- Hydraulic and Energy Grade Lines Systems including reservoirs, pumps and turbines
- Pipe Flow Networks Series and parallel combinations
- Introduction to Compressible Flow (3 hours)
References:
- Fox, R. W, McDonald, A. T., Pritchard, P. J., Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, John Wiley.
- Douglas, J. F, Gasiorek, J. M., Swaffield, J. A., Fluid Mechanics, Pearson Education.
- Frank M. White, Fluid Mechanics, McGraw-Hill
- Kumar, D. S., Fluid Mechanics, S. K. Katarai and Sons
Practical:
- Properties of Fluid and Hydrostatics
- Measurement of Fluid viscosity and density
- Buoyancy forces, Center of pressure, stability of floating objects
- Demonstration of the Energy and Momentum Equations
- Pressure distribution for flow through a Venturi
- Force developed by a steady impinging jet flow
- Fluid flow in Piping
- Laminar and turbulent flow, friction losses in liquid flow
- Velocity distribution in air duct
- Calibration of Flow; Orifice, Venturi, Weir
- Drag on immersed bodies, measurement of lift and drag force on objects of different shapes
- The Hydraulic Jumps, relating measured jump parameters to Froude number, momentum, continuity and energy equations.
Evaluation Scheme:
The questions will cover all the chapters of the syllabus. The evaluation scheme will be as indicated in the table below:
Chapters |
Hours |
Mark distribution * |
1 |
2 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
5 |
3 |
5 |
10 |
4 |
8 |
15 |
5 |
3 |
5 |
6 |
10 |
15 |
7 |
6 |
10 |
8 |
5 |
10 |
9 |
3 |
5 |
Total |
45 |
80 |
*Note: There may be minor deviation in marks distribution.
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