BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATIONÂ
Course Objectives:
To provide specific engineering and instrumentation methods and principles to acquire basic knowledge of design, its application and maintenance of different biomedical instruments.
- Fundamental of Medical Instrumentation (4 hours)
- Biomedical Engineering and Areas of Engineering Contribution
- Biometrics and Design Consideration Factors for Medical Instruments
- Man Instrument System and their Objectives
- Components of Man Instrument System
- Bioelectric Signals and Electrodes (4 hours)
- Body System and Bioelectric Phenomenon
- Sources of Bioelectric Signals
- Resting and Action Potentials
- Electrode Theory and their Equivalent Circuits
- Types of Biopotential Electrodes
- Application of electrodes in medical instrumentation
- Physiological Transducers (4 hours)
- Classification of Transducers
- Performance Characteristics of Transducers
- Active Transducers and their Application in Medical Instruments
- Passive Transducers and their Types used in Medical Instruments
- Bioelectric Signals Measurement and Recording System (10 hours)
- Aspects of Bioelectric Signals
- Electrocardiography (ECG)
- Normal Characteristics of Electrocardiogram
- ECG Lead Configuration and Recording Techniques
- Computer –Aided Electrocardiograph Analysis
- Electroencephalography (EEG)
- Electroencephalogram and Evoked Potential
- EEG Pre amplifier Design
- EEG Electrode Configuration and Recording Techniques
- Practical Details of EEG
- Electromyography(EMG)
- Electromyography Recording Technique
- Applications of EMG
- Non- Invasive Diagnostic Instruments (12 hours)
- Blood Flow Measurement
- Magnetic Blood Flow meter
- Ultrasonic Blood Flow meter
- Blood Flow Measurement by Thermal Convection
- Blood Flow Measurement by Radiographic Method
- Diagnostic Medical Imaging System
- Radiographic Imaging System
- Principle of generation of X-rays and its medical properties
- Functional X-ray Machine
- Biological Effects of X-rays
- Ultrasonography Imaging System
- Computer Tomography (CT-Scan) System
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging System (MRI)
- Nuclear Medicine Machine
- Therapeutic Instruments (4 hours)
- Function of Kidneys
- Principle of Artificial Kidneys
- Heamodialysis Machine
- Types of Dialyzers
- Lithotripsy and its principle
- Lithotripter Machine
- Defibrillator Machine
- Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine (3 hours)
- Wireless Telemetry
- Single Channel Telemetry System
- Multi channel Telemetry
- Telemedicine Using Mobile Communication Equipments
- Electrical Safety of Medical Equipment
(4 hours)
- Physiological Effects of Electricity
- Leakage Currents and Methods of Accident Prevention
- Micro shocks and Macro shocks Hazards
- Electrical Safety Codes and Standards
- Special Safety Measures for Electrical Susceptible Patients
- Power Distribution and Protection System of the Hospital
Practicals:
- Three practical exercises based on availability of the portable medical and clinical based equipments.
- Field Visit to Medical Institution
- Field Visit Report and Viva Voce.
References:
- Leslie Cromwell, et Al, " Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements", Prentice Hall, India
- R S Khandpur, "A Hand Book of Biomedical Instrumentation", Tata McGraw Hill
Evaluation Scheme:
The questions will cover all the chapters in the syllabus. The evaluation scheme will be as indicated in the table below:
Chapter |
Hours |
Marks Distribution* |
1, 2 |
4, 4 |
16 |
4 |
10 |
16 |
5 |
12 |
16 |
3, 6 |
4, 4 |
16 |
7, 8 |
3, 4 |
16 |
Total |
45 |
80 |
*There could be minor deviation in mark distribution.
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