APPLIED PHOTOVOLTAIC ENGINEERING
- The sun and the solar spectrum (4 hours)
- Electromagnetic spectrum
- Effects of Earth atmosphere, orbit and rotation on insolation
- Estimation and measurement of solar radiation
- Calculation of energy available in a place; radiation on inclined and horizontal plane, yearly energy available in place
- Models and Software for assessing the solar energy
- Semiconductors for photovoltaics (4 hours)
- p‐n junction for solar cell, fundamental concept; I‐V and P‐V characteristics
- Model of PV cells; short circuit current, open circuit voltage, four parameter model, equivalent circuit, effect of temperature
- Fill factor, efficiency series
- Cell to panel, effect of shading and mitigation
- Testing of PV panel
- Model and simulation
- Modern PV cell technology (4 hours)
- Thin film technology
- Polycrystalline silicon
- Thin film solar cell
- Epitaxial films including GaAs modern cell
- Solar panel standards
- Power electronics and control of photovoltaic system (8 hours)
- Dc‐Dc converter ( buck, boost, isolating converter
- Inverter topology
- Single stage and two stage power electronics configuration
- Control of dc‐dc converters :Maximum power point tracking techniques
- Control of Inverters
- Isolated operation
- Grid connected operation
- Isolated PV systems (6 hours)
- Storage devices: different type of batteries
- Charge controller; principle and circuit diagram
- UPS system with PV: back to back converter topology, charging scheme of UPS by PV and grid, setting priority
- Water pumping
- Grid Connected PV system (8 hours)
- Phase, frequency and voltage matching
- Grounding
- Protection
- Transient response
- Power Flow analysis with PV units;
- Short Circuit analysis with PV units;
- Voltage profile
- Guideline for PV integration; penetration level
- Interconnection standards, codes and practices
- IEEE
- IEC
- UL
- Voltage ride through requirements
- others
- Design of PV system (4 hours)
- Isolated PV system for residence
- Grid connected PV system
- Solar water pump
- Socio‐economic aspects (4 hours)
- Economic assessment of PV power system (Payback period, Total Ownership cost ‐TOC, Present worth factor‐PWF)
- Environmental Impact analysis (EIA) and safety of PV system
- Production, recycling and disposal of PV system ( PV panel and batteries)
- Large scale integration of PV into power grid
Practical Works (Experiment and Simulation)
- Study of characteristics of PV cell and module
- Plotting of I‐V, P‐V curve on different insolation
- Determination of parameters of PV panel: short circuit current, open circuit voltage, series and shunt resistance
- Design and simulation of stand‐alone photovoltaic system: use suitable numerical tools (such as Maltlab Simulink, PSCAD)
- Design and simulation of grid connected PV system: use suitable numerical tools (such as Maltlab Simulink, PSCAD)
- Case study: Study of large scale PV system (one from world and Nepal each)
- Field visit
Reference:
- Photovoltaic system analysis and design, AK Mukharji, PHI 2011.
- Kalogirou, S. A. Solar Energy Engineering: Processes and Systems, Academic Press, 2009, ISBN‐10: 0123745012
- Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems, G Masters, Wiley Publication 2004.
- Messenger, R. A., Ventre, J., Photovoltaic Systems Engineering, 2nd ed., CRC Press, 2003, ISBN‐10: 0849317932
- Foster, R.; Ghassemi, M.; Cota, A.; Solar Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment, CRC Press, 2009, ISBN‐10: 1420075667
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