INTRODUCTION TO BIO-MEDICAL ENGINEERING

Course objectives
After the completion of this course, students will be able to understand the operation of Bio-medical equipments and their maintenance.

1. Introduction (3 hours)
1. Areas of contribution in medical electronics.
2. Major areas under instrumentation.
3. Medical imaging in diagnosis.


2. Biological System (3 hours)
1. Invasive and Non invasive.
2. The man instrument system.
3. Biomedical instrument types and measurement.


3. Human Physiology (4 hours)
1. The body system.
2. Elementary tissues of the human body.
3. Resting potential, Action potential and Na pump.


4. Biological types (3 hours)
1. Biological signals (Heart, ECG, EEG, and EMG)
2. Biophysical signals (Temp., Blood, Pressure, Pulse rate)


5. Electrodes (6 hours)
1. Electrodes and its type.
2. Ultrasonic blood flow meter.
3. Doppler effect.
4. Blood flow measurement by thermal convection
5. ECG, EEG, EMG recording and characteristics.
6. Anatomy of heart.
7. Computer aided electrocardiograph analysis.
8. Nervous system.
9. Major function of blood.


6. Ultrasound (4 hours)
1. Ultrasound block diagram, working principle and imaging system.
2. Generation of US.
3. Medical ultrasound types.
4. Basic pulse echo apparatus.


7. Computed Technology (CT) Scan (3 hours)
1. Block diagram of image computer, working principle, system components.
2. Scanning system.
3. Processing unit.


8. X-Ray (3 hours)
1. X-Ray tube, operation principle.
2. X-Ray machine, block diagram.


9. Shocks (2 hours)
1. Shocks and its types.
2. Physical effect of electric current.


10. Magnetic Resonance Imagine (MRI) (3 hours)
1. Introduction, working principle.
2. MR phenomenon, basic NMR.
3. Components and application features of MRI.
4. Competitors' argument, RF transmitter and detection system.


11. Haemo-Dialysis (3 hours)
1. Working condition.
2. R/O design.
3. Dialyser (Artificial kidney)


12. Ventilator (ICU, Anesthetic) (2 hours)
1. Different modes of operation.
2. Working principle.


13. Laproscopic Surgery (2hours)
1. Working principle and its operation.


14. Endoscope (2 hours)
1. Video imaging procedure.
2. Types


15. Implants (2 hours)
1. Types of Orthopedic implants (introduction)

Practicals:

1. Demo of operation of X-ray Machines
2. Demo of operation of MRI
3. Demo of operation of Haemo-Dialysis
4. Demo of operation of Ventilator
5. Demo of operation of Endoscope
6. Demo of operation of CT Scan
7. Demo of operation of Ultra-Sound

Reference books

1. Khandpur, R. S., “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw Hill (2nd Edition)

Evaluation Scheme:
The Questions will cover all the chapters in the syllabus. The evaluation scheme will be as indicated in the table below:

*There could be minor deviation in mark distribution.