DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELING

Course objective:
The objective of the course is to understanding Digital Terrain Modeling. How to Create, visualize 3D and use of DTM. DTM model is mostly related as raster data type, stored usually as a rectangular equal-spaced grid, with space (Resolution) of between 1 and 500 meters mostly presented in Cartesian coordinate system. The DTM data sets are extremely useful for the generation of 3D renderings of any location in the area described. 3D models rendered from DTM data can be extremely useful and versatile for a variety of applications. DTMs are used especially in civil engineering, geodesy & surveying, geophysics, and geography.

Course outline:

1. Digital Terrain Modeling (DTM,DEM, DHM,DSM) (3 hours)
1. Concept and their implementation and applications in
2. Geomatics engineering and other disciplines.


2. Method for DTM (3 hours)
1. Generation from optical and SAR stereo-imagery, digitization of cartographic source, Hydrographic surveys.


3. DTM Capturing (3 hours)
1. Interferometric SAR (In SAAR)
2. Laser altimetry (LIDAR) and
3. Other capturing methods.


4. Mathematical Techniques and automation for terrain extraction (3 hours)
1. LIDER and SAR systems.


5. Soft and hard break lines (3 hours)


6. Structures of DTM (3 hours)
1. Contours, Guid and TIN.


7. Type of DEM (DED, DTED) (3 hours)
1. Processing, storage, and manipulation of DTM.


8. Surface representation from point data using moving averages (3 hours)
1. Linear Projection and Kriging techniques.
2. Grid re-sampling methods and
3. Search algorithms used in gridding and interpolation


9. DTM derivatives (6 hours)
1. Slope maps
2. Aspect maps
3. View sheds and
4. watershed


10. Applications of DTM in (15 hours)
1. Orthoimage of generation
2. volume computation ,and drainage networks,
3. Telecommunications,
4. Flood prediction, data fusion, and
5. 3D models and visualization.


11. DEM error analysis and impact on DEM-based derived products (3 hours)

Practicals:

1. DTM capturing(3 hours)
2. Automation & Manual terrain extraction(6 hours)
3. Soft and hard break lines(3 hours)
4. Surface representation(3 hours)
5. DTM Derivatives(15 hours)
6. Application(15 hours)

References:

1. Maune, D.F.(editor). Digital Elevation Model Technologies and Applications, the DEM Users Manual. Published by the American Society for Photogrammetry &Remote Sensing, 2001.
2. McGLone C. (Editor). An Addendum to the Manual pf photogrammmetry, Published by the American Society and Remote Sensing, 2004.
3. Greve C.(Editor). An Addendum to the Manual of photogrammetry, Published by the American Society and Remote Sensing, 1996.
4. Leberl F.W., Radargrammetric image processing. Artech HOuse, 1989.
5. Davis ,John C., Statistics and data analysis in geology. New york, Wiley, 2nd ed, 1986.
6. Lodwick G.D., Digital Terrain Modelling. University of calgary, Publication No. 10007, 1983.

Three assessments: Mean of three will be final marks

Evaluation Scheme:
The questions will cover all the chapters of the syllabus. The evaluation scheme will be as indicated in the table below:

S. No.	Chapter	Hours	Marks allocation*
1	1,2,3	9	16
2	4,5,6	9	16
3	7,10.1,10.2	10	16
4	8,9	9	16
5	10.3,10.4 ,11	8	16
Total		45	80

*Note: There may be minor deviation in marks distribution