Concrete Technology and Masonry Structure

Course Rationale:
The course provides practical information on concrete technology and masonry structures. The first part of the course deals with concrete technology and in this part students will learn properties of concrete ingredients and will be able to design concrete mix of different grades using commonly used methodologies. The students will also learn properties of green and hardened concrete and will learn the tools and techniques of quality control in different stages of use of concrete. The second part deals with Masonry structures and in this part students will learn classification, construction technologies and behavior of masonry structures. The students will be able to analyze and design masonry structures for gravity loads and lateral loads.

Part I: Concrete Technology

1. Introduction to concrete and concrete materials [4 hours]
1. Use of concrete in structure and types of concrete
2. Concrete materials - Role of different materials (Aggregates, Cement, Water and Admixtures)
1. Aggregates - Properties of aggregates and their gradation
2. Cement - Manufacturing of cement, Compound composition of Portland Cement, Structure and reactivity of compounds
3. Introduction to special types of cement
4. Use of water in concrete
5. Admixtures - Classification of admixtures, Introduction to commonly used admixtures (Super-plasticizer, Water proofing agent and Retarders), Use of Mineral admixtures in concrete


2. Structure of concrete [3 hours]
1. Concrete as three phase system
2. Structure of aggregate phase
3. Structure of the hydrated cement paste phase
4. Transition zone in concrete


3. Mix design of concrete and property of green concrete [6 hours]
1. Workability and its test
2. W/C ratio in concrete
3. Introduction to nominal mix
4. Probabilistic concept in mix design approach
5. Concrete mix design by DOE, ACI and IS Method
6. Segregation and bleeding
7. Quality control in site: Mixing, handling, placing, compaction and curing
8. Concrete in extreme temperatures


4. Properties of hardened concrete [3 hours]
1. Deformation of hardened concrete, Moduli of elasticity
2. Shrinkage and creep
3. Fatigue, impact and dynamic loading
4. Effect of porosity, water-cement ratio and aggregate size
5. Effect of gel/space ratio


5. Testing of concrete and quality control [6 hours]
1. Various strength of concrete: Tensile, Compressive, Shear and Bond
2. Compressive strength test
3. Tensile strength test
4. Variability of concrete strength and acceptance criteria
5. Non-destructing testing of concrete


6. Concrete durability [3 hours]
1. Effect of water and permeability on concrete durability
2. Physical and chemical causes of concrete deterioration
3. Carbonation
4. Corrosion of steel in concrete

Part II Masonry Structures

7. Introduction to masonry structures [4 hours]
1. Use of masonry structures
2. Construction technology - English bond, Flemish bond, Rat-trap bond
3. Hollow block and compressed earth block
4. Masonry as infill walls
5. Reinforced and un-reinforced masonry


8. Design of masonry walls for gravity loads [8 hours]
1. Introduction to codal provisions
2. Design example for gravity loads Solid wall, wall with openings, walls with eccentric loadings and walls acting as columns

9. Masonry structures under lateral loads [5 hours]
1. Performance of masonry structures in lateral loads
2. Failure behavior of masonry structures in lateral loads
3. In-plane and out-of-plane behavior of masonry structures
4. Ductile behavior of reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures
5. Calculation of stresses for lateral loads
6. Elements of lateral load resisting masonry system

10. Testing of masonry elements [3 hours]
1. Compressive strength of bricks and walls
2. Diagonal shear test
3. Non-destructive tests - Elastic wave tomography, Flat-jack, Push shear test and others

Laboratories
Part I : Concrete Technology

1. Gradation/Properties of aggregates
2. Concrete Mix design: Nominal mix, DoE, ACI and IS Method
3. Test of concrete cubes, cylinders, prisms 
4. Non-destructive testing

Part II : Masonry Structures

1. Test of bricks on Compression
2. Test of wall on Compression
3. Demonstration of Non-destructive test

References

1. A.M. Neville, J.J. Brook, Concrete Technology, International Students' Edition
2. M. S. Shetty, Concrete Technology: Theory and Practice, S. Chand, New Delhi, 2005
3. P.K. Mehta, Paulo j. M. Monteiro, Concrete, Microstructure, Properties and Materials, University of California, Berkley (Indian Edition)
4. A.S. Arya, Masonry and Timber Structures including earthquake resistant Design, Nem Chandra and Bros, Roorkee, 1987
5. A.W. handry, B.P. Sinha, S.R. Davies, An Introduction to Load Bearing Brick Design, University of Edinburgh, 1981
6. P. Dayaratnam, Brick and Reifnorced Brick Structures, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. 1987
7. IS 456, 2000
8. IS 383, 1970
9. IS 1905/ SP 20
10. Nepal National Building Code (NBC) 109, 1994

Evaluation scheme
The questions will cover all the chapters in the syllabus. The evaluation scheme will be as indicated in the table below: