Agricultural Extension Education and Rural Development

Course Objective:

1. To familiarize students with agricultural extension education, learning principle, leadership development, extension delivery system for the dissemination of agricultural engineering technologies.
2. To acquaint the students on the concept of rural development, it’s planning, monitoring and evaluation tools. 

Part – A

1. Education and its approaches [2 hours]
   Meaning, concept and types of education and its objective in national context: Formal, non formal and informal education.


2. Extension education [2 hours]
   Definition, concept, history, philosophy, principle of extension education and objective of extension education.


3. Basic learning principle and Adult learning [4 hours]
   Meaning of teaching and learning, concepts and laws of learning, basic learning theories and learning process,   principles of adult learning and learner’s characteristics, factors affecting adult learning and elements of effective learning.


4. Rural leadership development [3 hours]
   Meaning, types of leader and leadership, characteristics of good leader, methods of identifying leader, selection and development of local leaders.


5. Extension delivery system and its components [2 hours]
   present organization, approach of extension delivery system in Nepal.


6. Extension teaching methods [2 hours]
   Individual method, group method and mass media methods.


7. Communication [4 hours]
   Concept, definition, meaning and importance of communication in extension work, function of communication with its models, communication channel/media; organizational communication in agricultural development, audio aids, visual aids, audio-visual aids and other teaching aids.

Part – B

8. Nature and scope of rural development [3 hours]
   Concept of rural development, subject matter of rural development,importance of rural development, problems of rural developmentand indicators of rural development.               


9. Determinants of rural developments [3 hours]
   Natural resources, human resources, financial resources, technology, rural industries, rural governance and regional dimensions and soci-cultural dimensions.


10. Basic issues of rural development [3 hours]
    Leadership in rural development, rural poverty and right based approach to development, empowerment, gender issues, globalization, social inclusion and exclusion.


11. Rural economic structure of Nepal [4 hours]
    Agrarian structure, land tenure system, agrarian movement, and rural industries: small and cottage industries; infrastructure: roads, communications, irrigation and electrification; rural market-types and channel, rural indebtedness and institutional finance, entrepreneurship and informal sector, village tourism.


12. Institutions for rural development in Nepal [3 hours]
    Government institution: ministry of local development and ministry of women development (functions and programmes), private sector: corporate social responsibility,private voluntary organizations (PVOs) - their objectives and features, social organizations, self- help groups, civil societies, NGOs, CBOs - their objectives and features.


13. Rural development planning [1 hour]
    Concept, need for micro planning, elements of micro planning


14. Approaches of rural development [2 hours]
    The modernization theory or market: led approach dependency theory, participatory theory 


15. Planning tools and techniques for rural development [4 hours]
    Process for local level plan formulation, data collection for project formulation- primary and secondary, tools and techniques: participatory rural appraisal (PRA), rapid rural appraisal (RRA), participatory learning and action (PLA) and focus group discussion(FGD)


16. Implementation, monitoring and evaluation of rural development [3 hours]
    Project implementation - process and basic elements of implementation plan, project monitoring - purpose and process; project evaluation - objectives and methods (before and after, with and without)

Practical

1. Visit the different agricultural extension organization (ADO, DLDO, NGOS Corporative) to study their organization structure, working procedure, program development and implementation, achievements and linkages
2. Study the extension/ teaching methods adopted by district agriculture development office and NGOS
3. Design of audio- visual material such as poster, booklets, leaflets, flip chart, folder, wallpaper.
4. Operation of audio visual equipments such as overhead projector, multimedia projector, still and movie camera
5. Visit agriculture information and communication centre (AICC) OR its satellite station to observe communication resource and activities at its vicinity.
6. Practical on tools and techniques used in data collection: participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and focus group discussion (FGD)
7. visit the rural development projects run by women development section, WDS, district development committee, DDC, rural energy development program, REDP, micro Enterprise development program, MEDP, world food program, WFP, etc.

1. SV Supe, An introduction to extension education
2. OP Dahama and OP Bhatnagar, Education and communication for development
3. GL Ray, Extension, Communication and Management
4. Uttam Kumar Singh and AK Nayak, Extension Education
5. Katar Singh, Rural development: Principles, Policies and Management, Vistar Publication, New Delhi
6. VivekSaurath, Rural Development: Planning Strategies and Policy Imperatives, ominant publishers and distributors, New Delhi
7. VivelSaurath, Rural Development: Major Issues in Agricultural Management, (first edition 2002), Dominant Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi
8. K. Rastogi, Rural Development Strategy, Wide Vision Publications.
9. Madan Kumar Dahal and Dev Raj Dahal (Ed), Environment and Sustainable     Development in Nepalese Perspective, Nepal foundation for advanced studies (NEFAS)
10. Shyam Prasad Adhikari, Rural Development in Nepal: Problems and Prospects, SajhaPrakashan, Nepal
11. Santosh Kumar Bista, Rural Development in Nepal: An Alternative Strategy, (first edition 2000), Krishna Kumar Shrestha
12. Ram Kumar Dahal, Rajyaragraminbikas. New hira books enterprises
13. H.D. lekhak and binodlekhak, natural resource conservation and sustainabledevelopment in Nepal, kshitz publication
14. ChakrapaniLuitel, rural development, theories, techniques and approaches,pradhan book house, Kathmandu.
15. United nations, guidelines for rural centre planning, economic and social commission for Asia and the pacific.
16. Kanhaiya R.B. matherma, strategies of rural development in Nepal: some observations some thoughts, sitadevimathema
    
17. Y. P. Panta, planning and rural development, Mohan Primlani for Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, Pvt. Ltd.

Evaluation Scheme:
The questions will cover all the chapters in the Syllabus. The evaluation scheme will be as indicated in the table below.